12 Unexpected Side Effects of Honey You Should Know

Honey has been prized for centuries for its delicious flavor and medicinal benefits. Used as a natural sweetener, remedy for coughs, and a key ingredient in beauty routines, honey is a staple in many households. However, many are unaware that honey, especially when consumed irresponsibly or in excess, can have adverse effects. Understanding the potential risks is essential to ensure safe usage, especially for vulnerable populations such as infants or those with specific health conditions.

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Twelve Side Effects of Honey
• Populations Who Should Avoid Honey
• Tips for Using Honey Safely
• Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
• Conclusion

Introduction

Honey is a complex natural substance composed mainly of sugars, water, and small amounts of vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and antioxidants. Despite its reputation as a healthy alternative to refined sugar and its wide application in wellness and skincare, recent evidence and expert opinions highlight a number of surprising side effects when honey is not consumed or used appropriately.

Twelve Side Effects of Honey

Below are twelve unexpected side effects associated with honey consumption and topical use. While most occur rarely in healthy individuals, they can be serious and are especially relevant for particular populations.

1. 1. Infant Botulism

   This is the most well-known and serious risk associated with honey. Raw honey can contain spores of Clostridium botulinum, a bacterium that can grow and produce toxins in the immature digestive system of infants under one year old. Symptoms of infant botulism can include constipation, muscle weakness, poor feeding, and even life-threatening paralysis. For this reason, honey should never be given to infants younger than 12 months.

2. 2. Possible Food Poisoning

   Unprocessed or contaminated honey can contain microbes and pesticides. Consuming honey contaminated with bacteria, fungi, or traces of pesticides can trigger symptoms like stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Pasteurized commercial honey significantly reduces these risks, but those consuming raw or artisanal honey should be cautious.

3. 3. Allergic Reactions

   Some individuals may be allergic to bee pollen, bee proteins, or plant pollen present in honey. Symptoms of honey allergy range from mild reactions like itching and hives to severe responses such as swelling, wheezing, and anaphylaxis. Allergy sufferers, especially those sensitive to pollen, should conduct a patch test or consult with an allergist before consumption or topical use.

4. 4. Increased Blood Sugar Levels

   Despite its natural origins, honey is predominantly made up of glucose and fructose. For people living with diabetes or insulin resistance, ingesting honey may cause spikes in blood sugar levels. Although it ranks lower on the glycemic index compared to refined sugars, honey should still be consumed in moderation by those monitoring their blood sugar.

5. 5. Impact on Weight Gain

   Honey contains about 64 calories per tablespoon. While promoted as a healthy alternative to sugar, excessive consumption of honey can contribute to caloric surplus and weight gain, particularly if used liberally as a sweetener in drinks and foods. Long-term overconsumption may increase the risk of overweight or obesity.

6. 6. Dental Problems

   Honey is sticky and high in natural sugars, making it a potential cause of dental caries and cavities. When honey remains on the teeth for extended periods, especially in children or after topical dental application, it can feed oral bacteria and erode enamel. Oral hygiene practices should follow honey consumption, particularly in children.

7. 7. May Cause Gastrointestinal Discomfort

   Honey contains fructose, which can be difficult for some individuals to digest. In some cases, consuming honey may lead to bloating, cramping, or diarrhea. People with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or fructose malabsorption should avoid or limit honey intake to prevent GI discomfort.

8. 8. Pollen-Related Toxicity

   Certain types of honey, especially those derived from rhododendron and some wildflowers, can contain toxic compounds such as grayanotoxin. Ingesting toxic honey may result in hallucinations, dizziness, low blood pressure, and in severe cases, poisoning—a condition historically known as “mad honey disease.” Always choose honey from trusted sources to minimize this risk.

9. 9. Possible Drug Interactions

   Honey, especially in medicinal doses, can interact with specific medications. Its sugar content and bioactive compounds may amplify or counteract drugs for diabetes, high blood pressure, or anticoagulants. Individuals on regular medication should consult their healthcare provider before using large amounts of honey medicinally.

10. 10. Risk of Tooth Decay in Children

    Children may be more susceptible to dental problems when consuming honey-laden foods or drinks. Sticky honey can adhere to teeth surfaces longer, leading to plaque buildup and tooth decay. Encourage children to rinse their mouths or brush their teeth after eating sticky or sugary foods like honey.

11. 11. Topical Use Side Effects

    Although honey is revered for its skin benefits and antibacterial properties, topical application may cause irritation, redness, or stinging, especially if it is not pure or is contaminated. Allergic or sensitive individuals may experience rashes or eczema. Always conduct a patch test before extensive skin application.

12. 12. Effects During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

    For healthy adults, honey is generally considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. However, pregnant women with reduced immunity or allergies should exercise caution. There is no evidence that honey transfers botulinum spores into breast milk, but consult a doctor when in doubt.

Populations Who Should Avoid or Limit Honey

• Infants (under 1 year): Highest risk due to potential for infant botulism.
• Individuals with allergies: High risk of allergic reactions, especially if sensitive to pollens or bee proteins.
• People with diabetes or metabolic disorders: Honey’s sugar content can aggravate blood glucose control.
• Those prone to dental issues: Regular honey intake may worsen caries risk.
• Individuals on certain medications: Risk of drug interactions, especially with anticoagulants and antidiabetics.

Tips for Using Honey Safely

• For infants: Never offer honey to children under 1 year old.
• Moderation: Limit honey intake to one or two teaspoons daily for adults.
• Dental care: Brush teeth or rinse the mouth after consuming honey, especially in children.
• Medication: Discuss honey consumption with a healthcare professional if you take medication or have chronic health problems.
• Allergy precautions: Start with a patch test for both oral and topical uses if you have a history of allergies.
• Purchase from reputable sources: Choose pasteurized and filtered honey for oral use when possible; organic and medical-grade honey for topical applications.

Table: Comparison of Honey Effects by Age Group

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. Is honey safe for all age groups?

No. Honey is not safe for infants under 12 months due to the risk of botulism. Older children and adults should use honey in moderation.

Q2. Can honey cause allergic reactions?

Yes, some people may react to pollen, bee proteins, or additives in honey, resulting in mild to severe allergic symptoms. Always check for allergies if using honey for the first time.

Q3. Is honey better than sugar for diabetics?

Honey is slightly lower on the glycemic index but can still cause blood sugar spikes. It’s not a free substitute for sugar and should be used sparingly by diabetics.

Q4. What are the signs of honey intolerance or side effects?

Watch for digestive issues (cramping, diarrhea), skin reactions (itchiness, rashes), or signs of allergy (swelling, difficulty breathing). Discontinue use and seek medical attention for severe symptoms.

Q5. How can I test for a honey allergy before use?

Apply a small amount of honey to your inner forearm or wrist and wait 24 hours. If you notice itching, redness, or swelling, avoid using honey internally or externally.

Q6. Are there types of honey more likely to cause side effects?

Raw, unfiltered, or wildflower honeys are more likely to contain pollen, spores, or contaminants compared to filtered or pasteurized honey. “Mad honey” from rhododendron or azalea pollen poses special risks.

Conclusion

While honey continues to be valued for its natural sweetness and reputed healing properties, it is not without risks. By understanding its potential side effects and following proper usage guidelines, you can safely enjoy the benefits of honey without exposing yourself or your family to avoidable health hazards. Always exercise extra caution with infants, allergy sufferers, and individuals managing chronic health conditions.

Author

Sneha TeteBeauty & Lifestyle Writer

 

Sneha is a relationships and lifestyle writer with a strong foundation in applied linguistics and certified training in relationship coaching. She brings over five years of writing experience to thebridalbox, crafting thoughtful, research-driven content that empowers readers to build healthier relationships, boost emotional well-being, and embrace holistic living.

Read full bio of Sneha Tete